[5] It was Islamic in that Islamic notions of virtue, permanence, and excellence infused discourse about public issues as well as the religious affairs of the Muslims, who were the presiding elite. [21] To this end, and inspired in part by contemporary French poets like Jacques Prvert, they employed not only a variant of the free verse introduced by Nzm Hikmet, but also highly colloquial language, and wrote primarily about mundane daily subjects and the ordinary man on the street. Nastaliq is the most popular styles among classical Persian calligraphy scripts. During the early years of the Republic of Turkey, established after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the government invested large sums of resources into fine arts such as architecture and sculpture, and other artistic fields around the country in-line with the newly implemented reformist and West-leaning policies. The Ottomans integrated mosques into the community and added soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs. The festivity traces its roots where Santa Claus was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. [6], Second, the governors in Khurasan, Tahirids, were factually independent; then the Saffarids from Sistan freed the eastern lands, but were replaced by independent Samanids, although they showed perfunctory deference to the Caliph. The backbone of the Turkic elite was broken as their wealth in Delhi was confiscated by Nusrat Khan Jalesari,[21] after which a new heterogeneous Indo-Muslim nobility emerged in the Delhi Sultanate. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Turco-Persian empires weakened by the Europeans' discovery of a sea route to India, and introduction of hand guns, which gave the horsemen of the pastoral societies greater fighting capability. [3] The Second World War was a period of isolation, during which the Second National Architectural Movement emerged. Nezami is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature. ALL ABOUT TURKISH, ARABIC and PERSIAN MUSIC Each of Turkish, Arabic and Persian music carry the influences of the cultures they have encountered and the long history of the lands they were born. Also important to the religion is the concept of the nature of good (Senta Mainyu) and evil (Angra Mainyu). The Islamic resurgence has been less a renewal of faith and dedication than a public resurfacing of perspectives and ideals previously relegated to less public, informal relations under the impact of European secular influences. Samanids encouraged translation of religious works from Arabic into Persian. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. The men's national basketball team finished second in Eurobasket 2001; while Efes Pilsen S.K. The Persian carpet is considered to be the finest in its own category. The twentieth century saw many changes in inland Asia that further exposed contradictory cultural trends in the region. There are approximately 110 million native speakers of Persian around the world making it one of the world's most spoken languages. The composite Turko-Persian tradition refers to a distinctive culture that arose in the 9th and 10th centuries (AD) in Khorasan and Transoxiana (present-day, Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, minor parts of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan). 7, No. The most popular sport in Turkey is football. With Ahmed III's deposition, Mahmud I took the throne (17301754). The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara, Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. [citation needed], The Seljuq successors of Kara-Khanid Khanate in Transoxiana brought this culture westward into Persia, Iraq, and Syria. The first radical step away from this trend was taken by Nzm Hikmet, whoduring his time as a student in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924was exposed to the modernist poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky and others, which inspired him to start writing verse in a less formal style. With the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923, Turkish literature became interested in folkloric styles. Nastaliq Mir Ali Tabrizi was a distinguished Iranian calligrapher in the 14th century. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. Persian tile decorating reached its zenith in the 18th and 19th centuries. Islamic ideals became predominant model for discussions about public affairs. The religious authorities of these non-Muslim communities became their spokesmen, just as the ulama were for the Muslim community, they also began overseeing internal communal affairs. The Islamic moral imagery that survived in informal relations emerged as the model of ideology expressed in its most political form in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the Islamic idealism of the Afghanistan mujahedin resistance movement.[31][32][33]. It has for a long time been a tradition that Noel Baba would bring gifts to children on New Year's Eve. However they were constrained by the lack of technological infrastructure or insufficient financial resources till the 1980s. By identifying the cultural regions of Asia as the Middle East, South Asia, Russian Asia, and East Asia, the Europeans in effect dismembered the Turco-Persian Islamic world that had culturally united a vast expanse of Asia for nearly a thousand years. Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians were numerous, and also several minority Islamic sects had considerable following. Browse 17,485 persian culture stock photos and images available, or search for iran or iranian culture to find more great stock photos and pictures. The southeastUrfa, Gaziantep and Adanais famous for its kebabs, mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava, kadayf and knefe. Turkey hosted the 2010 FIBA World Championship international basketball tournament and reached the final. Statue of Ferdowsi also known as Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin Abdallah Shirazi was one of the great Persian poets of 13th century. Historic achievements of the Efes Pilsen Basketball Team, AFP: Turkey's Turkoglu named NBA's Most Improved Player, BBC Sport: Formula 1 circuit guide: Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Weightlifting Federation: List of European (Avrupa) records by male and female weightlifters, Turkish Weightlifting Federation: List of World (Dnya) and Olympic (Olimpiyat) records by male and female weightlifters, Ethnic Cuisine - Turkey by Terrie Wright Chrones, Uysal-Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative, "Life and Culture in Turkey" (Study in Turkey), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Turkey&oldid=1134022568, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 17:00. The story of the colour blue in Persian culture begins with the use of two iconic sources - lapis lazuli and indigo, to which cobalt was added later. Kara-Khanids established a dominance of ulama in the cities, and the network of recognized Islamic authorities became an alternative social instrument for the maintenance of public order. [11], Another famous Turkish film director is Ferzan zpetek, whose films like Hamam (1997), Harem suar (1999), Le Fate Ignoranti (2001), La finestra di fronte (2003), Cuore Sacro (2005) and Saturno contro (2007) won him international fame and awards. Accordingly, the magazine's literary ventures, under the direction of the poet Tevfik Fikret, were geared towards creating a Western-style "high art" in Turkey. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianised identity with them, giving it an even more profound and noted history there. Although populations across this vast region had conflicting allegiances (sectarian, locality, tribal, and ethnic affiliation) and spoke many different languages (mostly Indo-Iranian languages like Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pushtu, Baluchi, or Kurdish, or Turkic languages like Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Uzbek, or Kyrgyz), people shared a number of common institutions, arts, knowledge, customs, and rituals. The reaction was immediate and polarized: most of the academic establishment and older poets vilified them, while much of the Turkish population embraced them wholeheartedly. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. Ferdowsi enshrined in literary form the most treasured stories of popular folk-memory. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. The closest related languages are Kurdish and Pashto. [27] They cultivated art, enticing to their courts artists and architects from Bukhara, Tabriz, Shiraz, and other cities of Islamic world. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the ehzade Mosque, completed in 1548. The west Asian languages, namely Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, are not always the first . One favorite is Norooz, a celebration of the Iranian New Year taking place on the Spring Equinox. The master architect of the classical period, Mimar Sinan, was born in 1492 in Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. The film provides clues as to [] . Unlike Persia they gradually shed some of their Persianate qualities. As they gained strength they fostered development of a new Turkish literature alongside the Persian and Arabic literatures that had arisen earlier. The style of the building was designed in accordance with the Ottoman-Seljuk architecture, Isbank Tower 1 (19952000) in Levent district of Istanbul. [11] Other important films of Akn, such as Kurz und schmerzlos (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), and Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (2005) won numerous awards. Outside of the Garip and kinci Yeni movements, a number of other significant poets such as Fazl Hsn Dalarca, Behet Necatigil and Can Ycel also flourished. [citation needed], The Kara-Khanid Khanate (9991140) at that time were gaining pre-eminence over the countryside. By far the majority of the poetry of the time, however, was in the tradition of the folk-inspired "syllabist" movement (Five Syllabists or Be Hececiler), which had emerged from the National Literature movement and which tended to express patriotic themes couched in the syllabic meter associated with Turkish folk poetry. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. In the 13th and 14th centuries Saadi, Rumi and Hafez perfected the ghazal, lyrical poems but filled with passion. The Samanids had their own guard of Turkic Mamluk mercenaries (the ghilman), who were headed by a chamberlain, and a Persian and Arabic speaking bureaucracy, headed by a Persian vizier. [2], The ruling institution was dominated by Turks from various tribes, some highly urbanized and Persianized, some rural and still very Turkic. The Mongols under Genghis Khan (122058) and Timur (Tamerlane, 1336-1405) had the effect of stimulating development of Persianate culture of Central and West Asia, because of the new concentrations of specialists of high culture created by the invasions, for many people had to seek refuge in few safe havens, primarily India, where scholars, poets, musicians, and fine artisans intermingled and cross-fertilized, and because the broad peace secured by the huge imperial systems established by the Il-Khans (in the thirteenth century) and Timurids (in the fifteenth century), when travel was safe, and scholars and artists, ideas and skills, and fine books and artifacts circulated freely over a wide area. Okur was selected to the Western Conference All-Star Team for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, also becoming the first Turkish player to participate in this event. Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking. The art of ancient Persia includes architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture from the early kingdom of Iran in southwest Asia. "The work of Iranians can be seen in every field of cultural endeavor, including Arabic poetry, to which poets of Iranian origin composing their poems in Arabic made a very significant contribution. Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination. Turkish vs Farsi Persian (Farsi) Persian, also commonly referred to as Farsi, is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Nizami Ganjavi was a Persian poet in 12th century. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul, Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists, "Deutschsprachige Architekten in der frhen Republik", "Mapping Turkey, Short History of Architecture", Best Director to Nuri Bilge Ceylan for "Three Monkeys", Festival de Cannes: 2008 - Best Director Award. Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Middle Eastern cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia such as yogurt. His works have been translated into more than twenty languages. A remarkable similarity in culture, particularly among the elite classes, spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia. [15], The Turco-Persian Islamic culture that emerged under the Persianate Samanids, Ghaznavids, and Kara-Khanids was carried by succeeding dynasties into Western and Southern Asia, in particular, by the Seljuks (1040-1118), and their successor states, who presided over Persia, Syria, and Anatolia until the thirteenth century, and by the Ghaznavids, who in the same period dominated Greater Khorasan and most of present-day Pakistan. The Ottoman Empire indeed created a vast array of technical specialities. The tradition of Ottoman prose was exclusively non-fictional in nature; as the fiction tradition was limited to narrative poetry. In a very different tradition, but evincing a similar strong political viewpoint, was the satirical short-story writer Aziz Nesin. The culture of the Turco-Persian world in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries was tested by invading armies of inland Asia. This was also the first time since the 19th century that Turkish literature was escaping from Western influence and began to mix Western forms with other forms. Miniature developed into a marriage of artistic and poetic languages and obtained a deep and sincere accordance with poetry. Starting from the 1950s, isolation from the rest of the world started to diminish, leading to Turkish architects being increasingly inspired by their counterparts in the rest of the world. This suggests that a dish is a speciality of that area, or may refer to the specific technique or ingredients used in that area. His second significant work was the Sleymaniye Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. Quotation: " Titley, Norah M. 1983. Arabic was of course the language of scripture and law, but Persian was the language of poetry and literature. At the beginning of the fourteenth century the Ottomans rose to predominance in Asia Minor, and developed an empire that subjugated most of the Arab Islamic world as well as south-eastern Europe. The art of miniature painting in Persia flourished from the 13th through the 16th centuries, and continues to this day, with several contemporary artists producing notable Persian miniatures. Edirne (Adrianople) was the Ottoman capital between 1365 and 1453, when Istanbul (Constantinople) became the new capital, and it is here that we witness the final stages in the architectural development which culminated in the construction of the great mosques of Istanbul. The earliest great poetry in New Persian was written for the Samanid court. If there is in history a proper hybrid culture between the turkish, greek and persian ones, then it's not the Rum culture, but, rather, the post conquest Ottoman one (that is above the timeframe of the game ofc) I hope at least the proper Great Seljuk culture in the 1066 start date is correctly portrayed as a turko/persian hybrid one. The Ottomans patronized Persian literature for five and a half centuries and, because Asia Minor was more stable than eastern territories, they attracted great numbers of writers and artists, especially in the sixteenth century. The bureaucracies were staffed by graduates of the madrasas, so both the ulama and the bureaucracies were under the influence of esteemed professors at the madrasas. [citation needed] Turco-Persian Islamic culture is a mix of Arabic, Persian, and Turkic elements blended in the ninth and tenth centuries into what eventually became a predominant culture of the ruling and elite classes of West, Central and South Asia. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mathnawi (also known as mesnev), a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry. Aside from common Turkish specialities which can be found throughout the country, there are also region-specific specialities. [5] It was Islamic in that Islamic notions of virtue, permanence, and excellence infused discourse about public issues as well as the religious affairs of the Muslims, who were the presiding elite. The Tanzimat reforms of 18391876 brought changes to the language of Ottoman written literature and introduced previously unknown Western genres, primarily the novel and the short story. Tahirids and Saffarids continued using Persian as an informal language, although for them Arabic was the "only proper language for recording anything worthwhile, from poetry to science",[7] but the Samanids made Persian a language of learning and formal discourse. 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'S National basketball team finished Second in Eurobasket 2001 ; while Efes S.K... A Persian poet in 12th century among the elite classes, spread across territories Western... Calligrapher in the 13th and 14th centuries Saadi, Rumi and Hafez the! Was limited to narrative poetry with Ahmed III 's deposition, Mahmud I took the throne ( 17301754.., hospitals, Turkish literature alongside the Persian and Arabic literatures that had earlier... Religion is the concept of the nature of good ( Senta Mainyu.... 13Th century as Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin Abdallah Shirazi was one of the Indo- European languages III deposition... Was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba would bring gifts to children on Year. The twentieth century saw many changes in inland Asia that further exposed cultural. Ehzade Mosque, completed in 1548 indeed created a vast array of technical.... Into Persian Ali Tabrizi was a period of isolation, during which the Second National Movement... 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